7_14 Turn Knob Beep Delay

Turn Knob Beep Delay

Code

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/* Use the turn knob to control the delay between beeps of a speaker */ void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); //turn knob pinMode(2,OUTPUT); //speaker } void loop() { int wait = analogRead(A0);//create a variable with the name 'wait' and a value equal to the turn knob reading (range of 0-1023) tone(2,500); //play a tone of 500 hertz on the speaker delay(wait); //delay for 'wait' amount of time. This ranges from 0-1023 milliseconds noTone(2); //stop playing a tone delay(wait); //delay for 'wait' amount of time before starting the loop over again } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Challenges

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Add in an LED to this program that blinks along with the beeps.

7_13 Turn Knob Blink Delay

Turn Knob Blink Delay

Code

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/* Use the turn knob to control the delay between blinks of an LED */ void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); //turn knob pinMode(8,OUTPUT); //LED } void loop() { int wait = analogRead(A0);//create a variable with the name 'wait' and a value equal to the turn knob reading (range of 0-1024) digitalWrite(8,HIGH); //turn on the LED delay(wait); //delay for 'wait' amount of time. This ranges from 0-1024 milliseconds digitalWrite(8,LOW); //turn off the LED delay(wait); //delay for 'wait' amount of time before starting the loop over again } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add at least one more LED color so it's synchronized with LED 8.

7_12 Color Tuner

Color Tuner

Code

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/*Use the turn knob and the red, green, and blue buttons to make a custom color on the multicolor LED. Turn the knob to set the intensity level, then press the button to show that color and that intensity on the RGB LED. red button = red light, blue button = blue light, green button = green light*/ int red = 0; //Create three variables named red, green, and blue that are integers (whole numbers) and have a starting value of 0 int green = 0; //These variables will store the different values of the intensity variable in the loop function int blue = 0; void setup(){ pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //LED pinMode(10,OUTPUT); //LED pinMode(11,OUTPUT); //LED pinMode(A0,INPUT); //turn knob pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button pinMode(5,INPUT_PULLUP); //button pinMode(6,INPUT_PULLUP); //button } void loop(){ int intensity = analogRead(A0)/4; //Create a variable called 'intensity' that is an integer (whole number) //The intensity variable value takes the reading from the turn knob and divides it by 4, so it has a range of 0 to 255 //analogWrite works on LEDs 9,10,and 11 and has a range of 0-255 if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If the button 4 reading is LOW (the red button is pressed) red = intensity; //Set the value of red to the intensity value //Turning the knob while holding the red button will change the amount of red in the LED } if(digitalRead(5)==LOW){ //If the button 5 reading is LOW (the green button is pressed) green = intensity; //Set the value of green to the intensity value //Turning the knob while holding the green button will change the amount of green in the LED } if(digitalRead(6)==LOW){ //If the button 6 reading is LOW (the blue button is pressed) blue = intensity; //Set the value of blue to the intensity value //Turning the knob while holding the blue button will change the amount of blue in the LED } analogWrite(9, red); //set the LED's red intensity equal to the value of the 'red' variable analogWrite(10, green); //set the LED's green intensity equal to the value of the 'green' variable analogWrite(11, blue); //set the LED's blue intensity equal to the value of the 'blue' variable } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add a new variable, 'if' statement, and analogWrite function that sets the motor's strength using button 7 and the turn knob. Use the existing pattern.

Add in the speaker and make it use the "red" variable value as its tone value, so that as the red LED gets brighter, the tone that plays is higher.

7_11 Turn Knob Motor Strength

Turn Knob Motor Strength

Code

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/* Use the turn knob to control the strength of the motor */ void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); //turn knob pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //motor } void loop() { int strength = analogRead(A0)/4 ; //Create a strength integer variable //The strength variable value divides the reading from the turn knob by 4, so it has a range of 0 to 255 analogWrite(3,strength); //set the motors strength equal to the variable } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add an 'if' statement so that if the strength variable is ever lower than 100, it gets set to 100.

Add an LED that rises in brightness along with the motor buzz strength. Remember that LEDs 9,10,and 11 are the only ones that can use analogWrite.

7_10 Turn Knob LED Brightness

Turn Knob LED Brightness

Code

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/* Use the turn knob to control the brightness of an LED */ void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); //turn knob pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //LED } void loop() { int brightness = analogRead(A0)/4 ; //Create a variable called 'brightness' that is an integer (whole number) //The brightness variable value takes the reading from the turn knob and divides it by 4, so it has a range of 0 to 255 //analogWrite works on pins 3,9,10, and 11 and has a range of 0-255 analogWrite(9,brightness); //set the LED's brightness equal to the value of the 'brightness' variable } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add more LEDs to this program that fade up and down with the turn knob. Remember that only LEDs 9,10, and 11 can fade.

Add in a delay(500); after the line of code with analogWrite(9,brightness);. Try to predict how this will change the program before you upload it.

7_9 Button Doubles Tone

Button Doubles Tone

Code

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/* Pressing a button doubles the pitch of a speaker tone */ int pitch = 40; //create a variable named 'pitch' that is an integer (whole number) and starting value of 40 (where the speaker starts to sound good) void setup(){ pinMode(2,OUTPUT); //speaker pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button } void loop(){ tone(2,pitch); //play a hertz value equal to 'pitch' on the speaker if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If button 4 is pressed pitch=pitch*2; // Double the pitch variable. With no delays, pitch will rise quickly! delay(100); //a delay keeps the pitch from immediately going out of hearing range } if(pitch>10000){ //If pitch is greater than 10,000... pitch=40; //reset the variable to 40 so the scale can start again } } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Can you calculate what the tone will be after you’ve pressed the button 3 times?

Add another button that divides the pitch by two when it is pressed. The code will look like pitch = pitch/2; . Try to use the pattern in the example code to find out how to make this addition.

7_8 Buttons Raise and Lower Motor Strength

Buttons Raise and Lower Motor Strength

Code

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// Press Button 7 to increase the strength of the motor, and button 4 to decrease it int strength = 0; //a variable named 'strength' that is an integer (whole number) and starting value of 0 void setup(){ pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //motor pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 1 (lowers strength) pinMode(7,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 2 (raises strength) } void loop(){ analogWrite(3,strength); //use the strength variable as the analogWrite strength (0-255) if(digitalRead(7)==LOW){ //If button 7 is pressed strength++; //raise the motor strength delay(20); //a delay to slow down the fade of the strength } if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If button 4 is pressed strength--; //lower the motor strength delay(20); //adjust the delays for a slower, smoother fade of the motor // -- is shorthand for 'subtract one from the variable' } if(strength < 0 || strength > 255){ //if the variable goes below 0 OR above 255 strength = 0; //set it to 0. } } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Change which button raises and which button lowers the jitter strength.

Add some LEDs to this program. Remember that only LEDs 3,5, and 6 can fade up and down. Can you also add a speaker that uses the "brightness" variable for its tone?

7_7 Button Raises and Lowers Brightness

Buttons Raise and Lower LED Brightness

Code

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/* Pressing one button raises the brightness of and LED, pressing another button lowers the brightness */ int brightness = 0; //create a variable named 'brightness' that is an integer (whole number) and starting value of 0 void setup(){ pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //LED. analogWrite() function works on pins 3,9,10,11 and lets you send values from 0 to 255 pinMode(7,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 1 (raises brightness) pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 2 (lowers brightness) } void loop(){ analogWrite(9,brightness); //use the brightness variable to determine how bright the LED is (0-255) if(digitalRead(7)==LOW){ //If the button 7 is pressed brightness++; //increase brightness variable by 1 delay(20); //a delay means you can see the fade. Without it, the light value jumps too quickly } if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If button 4 is pressed brightness--; //lower the brightness on the LED delay(20); //delay allows you to see the fade. // -- is shorthand for 'subtract one from the variable' } } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicens

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Change the delays inside the ‘if’ statements.

Change brightness++ to brightness*2 and brightness-- to brightness/2

Add more LEDs to this program. Remember that only LEDs 9,10, and 11 can fade up and down.

7_6 Buttons Raise and Lower Tone

Buttons Raise and Lower Tone

Code

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/* Pressing one button raises the tone on a speaker, pressing another button lowers the tone */ int pitch = 40; //create a variable named 'pitch' that is an integer (whole number) and has a starting value of 40 (where the speaker starts to sound good) void setup(){ pinMode(2,OUTPUT); //speaker pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 1 (raises tone) pinMode(7,INPUT_PULLUP); //button 2 (lowers tone) } void loop(){ tone(2,pitch); //play a hertz value equal to 'pitch' on the speaker if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If button 4 is pressed pitch++; //raise pitch by one. With no delays, pitch will rise quickly! } if(digitalRead(7)==LOW){ //If button 7 is pressed pitch--; //lower the tone on the speaker // -- is shorthand for 'subtract one from the variable' } } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Switch which button raises the tone and which button lowers it. Don’t forget to update the code comments if you are going to save your new code!

Add a delay after the pitch++; line of code and the pitch--; line of code. How does this change the program?

Add an ‘if’ statement so that if the pitch variable value goes below 40, the variable value is reset to 40. This will prevent negative tone values. This is a tough challenge!

7_5 Button Raises Tone

Button Raises Tone

Code

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/* Pressing a button raises the tone on a speaker */ int pitch = 40; //create a variable named 'pitch' that is an integer (whole number) and starting value of 40 (where the speaker starts to sound good) void setup(){ pinMode(2,OUTPUT); //speaker pinMode(4,INPUT_PULLUP); //button } void loop(){ tone(2,pitch); //play a hertz value equal to 'pitch' on the speaker if(digitalRead(4)==LOW){ //If button 4 is pressed pitch++; //raise pitch by one. With no delays, pitch will rise quickly! } //Note: You'll have to unplug Code Lab Mini to make the pitch go low again! } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add a delay after the line ‘pitch++’ to see how it impacts your rising tone.

Add another ‘if’ statement that resets the pitch variable to 40 after it reaches a certain level.

7_4 Blink Delay / 2

Blink Delay / 2

Code

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/* Blink an LED with a delay variable that gets cut in half every loop */ int wait = 5000; //Create a variable called 'wait' that is an integer (whole number) and has a starting value of 5000. void setup(){ pinMode(8,OUTPUT); //LED light } void loop(){ digitalWrite(8,HIGH); //turn on the LED light delay(wait); //delay for the number of milliseconds equal to 'wait' variable. First loop=5000, second loop=2500, and so on digitalWrite(8,LOW); //turn off the LED delay(wait); //delay for 'wait' number of milliseconds wait = wait/2; // divide 'wait' variable by 2. The single = sign means you're assigning the variable a new value. } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Change wait = wait/2 to wait = wait*2. If you don’t change the starting value of the wait variable, how long will the light stay on after 3 loops?

Add more LEDs to this program that all blink together.

Make the ‘wait’ variable divide by a different number. Try to predict the impact this will have on the blink rate before you upload the code.

7_3 Rising Motor Strength

Rising Motor Strength

Code

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//Use a rising variable for the strength of the motor. int strength = 0; //Create an integer variable called 'strength' void setup() { pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //Motor } void loop() { analogWrite(3,strength); //set the strength of the motor equal to the variable strength++; //Increase the variable value by 1 delay(50); // delay 0.05 seconds before the loop starts again. if(strength>255){ //when strength increases beyond analogWrite's max value of 255 strength=0; //reset the variable to 0 } } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Update the 'if' statement so the motor resets when it is at half strength.

Add an LED light and use the strength variable to decide how bright it is. Is there a better variable name that would apply to both the motor and the LED?

7_2 Rising Brightness Variable

Rising Brightness Variable

Code

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/*Use a rising variable for the brightness of an LED Only LED pins 9, 10, and 11 work with analogWrite on Code Lab Mini, so you must use those pins. */ int brightness = 0; //Create a variable called 'brightness' that is an integer (whole number) and has a starting value of 0 void setup() { pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //LED color } void loop() { analogWrite(9,brightness); //set the brightness of the LED equal to the variable brightness++; //Increase the variable by 1 delay(50); // delay 0.05 seconds before the loop starts again. /*analogWrite has a maximum value of 255, so the code treats 256 like it equals 1, 257 like it equals 2, and so on. The write "overflows" and resets the brightness */ } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Add another LED to this code. Remember, only LED pins 9,10,and 11 work with analogWrite on Code Lab Mini.

Remove the delay or make it really tiny. Before you upload, what do you predict will happen?

7_1 Rising Tone Variable

Rising Tone Variable

Code

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/*Use a rising variable for the tone on a speaker*/ int pitch = 40; //Create a variable called 'pitch' that is an integer (whole number) and has a starting value of 40 void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); //speaker } void loop() { tone(2,pitch); //use the pitch variable as the hertz value playing on the speaker pitch++; //increase the value of the pitch variable by 1 delay(1000); //delay 1000 milliseconds (1 second) before starting the loop again } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Change the delay to change the speed of the tone rising. What happens if you make the delay very very small or delete it completely? Try to predict the outcome before you upload your program.

Change the starting value of the variable above the void setup().

Reverse the way the program works by setting the pitch variable to a high value above the void setup, then changing pitch++ to pitch-- in the void loop.

Try to set up the serial monitor and use the serial.println() function to display the variable value on the serial monitor. This is a tough challenge!

7_0 Serial Print a Counter Variable

Serial Print a Counter Variable

Code

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/* 'Print' the value of a variable to the serial monitor Don't forget to hit the 'monitor' button on the top toolbar of the code editor after you've uploaded your code! */ int counter = 0; //Create a variable named counter, that is an integer (whole number) and has a starting value of 0 void setup(){ Serial.begin(9600); // set up the serial monitor to show you data } void loop(){ Serial.println(counter); //'print' the value of the counter variable on the serial monitor delay(1000); //delay 1000 milliseconds (1 second) counter++; // add one to the counter variable with ++ } // (c) 2023 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense

 

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Walkthrough Video

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Challenges

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Change the delay. How high can the variable go? Hint: It’s over 2 million, so you might want to set the starting value of the counter variable higher than 0!

Move the line of code int counter = 0; from above the void setup(); and into the void loop(); function, just above the line of code that says Serial.println(counter);. Now what happens to the variable value each time the loop runs?