New Concept: Code doesn’t have a ‘default’ state

You may have noticed in this program that if you don’t turn the speaker off, it just keeps playing. This code concept is simple, but it causes confusion for some new programmers. The computer doesn’t ‘know’ that the speaker is playing too long, or that it’s getting annoying, or that it ‘should’ be off. The program just runs exactly as you write it. Keeping track of what is happening in your code takes some mental practice, but it’s also helpful to write code comments for yourself, which will help you catch simple mistakes like forgetting to turn off the speaker.