/* * In this lesson you'll make your character jump with a button press. * Another state variable will tracks whether or not the character is * supposed to be jumping. * * Unlike the runState variable, the jumpState variable will have three * states: 0, 1, and 2, which will refer to the default 'waiting to jump' * state, the 'in the jump' state, and the 'after the jump' state. The * 'after the jump' state exists to make sure the button has been * released. Without it, holding down the button would make the character * fly! */ #include "MakerScreenXVI.h" MakerScreenXVI lcd; byte run0[8] = { //legs in partial stride 0b00000, 0b01100, 0b01100, 0b01100, 0b01110, 0b01100, 0b01010, 0b01010 }; byte run1[8] = { //legs in full stride 0b00000, 0b01100, 0b01100, 0b01111, 0b01100, 0b01100, 0b01010, 0b10001 }; int position = 0; //holds the changing position of the cursor bool runState = 0; //which running animation to draw (0 or 1). /* * The jumping state variable is set it to 0. This variable cannot be * a bool like runState because it will go beyond 0 or 1. */ int jumpState = 0; //0 ='pre-jump', 1 ='mid jump', 2='post jump' void setup() { lcd.begin(); lcd.backlightOn(); lcd.createChar(0, run0);//put run0 array character into 'slot' 0 lcd.createChar(1, run1);//put run1 array character into 'slot' 1 pinMode(6,INPUT_PULLUP); //button for character jump } void loop() { lcd.clear(); // If the jumpState = 0 ,put the cursor at 'position' on second row if (jumpState == 0){ lcd.setCursor(position,1); } /* * If jumpState is 1, character is in the jump. Set the cursor to draw * at the 'position' on the top line. This check and the one below it * use 'else if'. An 'else if' is only checked if the preceeding 'if' * is not true. You can have multiple 'else ifs' in a sequence and each * is checked only if all those before it are false. */ else if (jumpState == 1){//if jumpState isn't 0, check if it's 1... lcd.setCursor(position,0); //if so, set man to 'position' on top row // Advance jumpState to 2 to indicate that the jump has been made jumpState = 2; } //If jump has been completed, return cursor to position, bottom row else if (jumpState == 2){ lcd.setCursor(position,1); } //end of the three if-elseif-elseif options lcd.write(byte(runState));//draw the run0 or run1 animation delay(300); //how quickly the animation changes is based here runState = 1 - runState; //change which animation will be drawn next /* * If digitalRead is LOW, the button is pressed. When the button is * pressed and jumpState = 0, change the jumpState to 1. Nothing will * happen immediately,but the variable will hold that value and be * referenced later. */ if ((digitalRead(6) == LOW)&&(jumpState == 0)){ /* * && is called a 'Boolean and' and it combines checks. When you see * (A)&&(B), that check is true if A is true AND B is true. This * checks if both the button is pressed AND the jumpState variable is * set to 0, and executes the following code only if both are true. */ jumpState = 1; } /* * Similarly, check here if the jump has been completed and the button * is released. If so, reset jumpState to 0. This prevents the character * from staying in the air if you hold the button down. */ if ((digitalRead(6) == HIGH)&&(jumpState == 2)){ jumpState = 0; } if (runState == 0){ position = position + 1;//update position every other animation update } if (position == 16){ //reset position to 0 when you reach the screen's edge position = 0; } } /* * In this lesson, you made the character jump with a button press. * A variable (jumpState) controls this jump. The three values that you * use for this variable could be called 'states'. These three have to * interact so that your game can't be cheated by holding a button. * * When testing the code from this lesson, you might notice that * the guy sometimes doesn't jump if you push and release the button too * quickly. This is caused by the use of delay. * * When you put in a delay, the controller sits idle while it * waits for the time to pass. In this lesson, the program can only catch * the button press if you hold the button down long enough to get * through they delay and back to a digitalRead(). * Keep in mind the loop can running thousands of tmes per second without * any delays, so even a half-second delay slows down the loop immensely. * * In the next lesson, you will rework the code to remove delay. */ //(c) 2017 Let's Start Coding. License: www.letsstartcoding.com/bsdlicense